Company Profile (excerpt from Reuters): International Business Machines Corporation (IBM), incorporated on June 16, 1911, is a technology company. The Company operates through five segments: Cognitive Solutions, Global Business Services (GBS), Technology Services & Cloud Platforms, Systems and Global Financing.
Downloadable PDF version of this valuation:
ModernGraham Valuation of IBM – April 2019
Stage 1: Is this company suitable for the Defensive Investor or the Enterprising Investor?
What kind of Intelligent Investor are you?
| Defensive Investor; must pass 6 out of the following 7 tests. | ||||
| 1. Adequate Size of the Enterprise | Market Cap > $2Bil | $127,277,532,893 | Pass | |
| 2. Sufficiently Strong Financial Condition | Current Ratio > 2 | 1.29 | Fail | |
| 3. Earnings Stability | Positive EPS for 10 years prior | Pass | ||
| 4. Dividend Record | Dividend Payments for 10 years prior | Pass | ||
| 5. Earnings Growth | Increase of 33% in EPS in past 10 years using 3 year averages at beginning and end | -24.36% | Fail | |
| 6. Moderate PEmg Ratio | PEmg < 20 | 13.11 | Pass | |
| 7. Moderate Price to Assets | PB Ratio < 2.5 OR PB*PEmg < 50 | 7.65 | Fail | |
| Enterprising Investor; must pass 4 out of the following 5 tests, or be suitable for the Defensive Investor. | ||||
| 1. Sufficiently Strong Financial Condition | Current Ratio > 1.5 | 1.29 | Fail | |
| 2. Sufficiently Strong Financial Condition | Debt to NCA < 1.1 | 3.26 | Fail | |
| 3. Earnings Stability | Positive EPS for 5 years prior | Pass | ||
| 4. Dividend Record | Currently Pays Dividend | Pass | ||
| 5. Earnings Growth | EPSmg greater than 5 years ago | Fail | ||
Stage 2: Determination of Intrinsic Value
| EPSmg | $10.91 |
| MG Growth Estimate | -2.80% |
| MG Value | $31.55 |
| Opinion | Overvalued |
| MG Grade | C |
| MG Value based on 3% Growth | $158.22 |
| MG Value based on 0% Growth | $92.75 |
| Market Implied Growth Rate | 2.30% |
| Current Price | $143.03 |
| % of Intrinsic Value | 453.39% |
IBM Common Stock does not satisfy the requirements of either the Enterprising Investor or the more conservative Defensive Investor. The Defensive Investor is concerned with the low current ratio, insufficient earnings growth over the last ten years, and the high PB ratio. The Enterprising Investor has concerns regarding the level of debt relative to the current assets, and the lack of earnings growth over the last five years. As a result, all value investors following the ModernGraham approach should explore other opportunities at this time or proceed cautiously with a speculative attitude.
As for a valuation, the company appears to be Overvalued after seeing its EPSmg (normalized earnings) decline from $13.42 in 2015 to an estimated $10.91 for 2019. This level of demonstrated earnings growth does not support the market’s implied estimate of 2.3% annual earnings growth over the next 7-10 years. As a result, the ModernGraham valuation model, based on the Benjamin Graham value investing formula, returns an estimate of intrinsic value below the price.
At the time of valuation, further research into IBM Common Stock revealed the company was trading above its Graham Number of $75.75. The company pays a dividend of $6.21 per share, for a yield of 4.3%, putting it among the best dividend paying stocks today. Its PEmg (price over earnings per share – ModernGraham) was 13.11, which was below the industry average of 46.57, which by some methods of valuation makes it one of the most undervalued stocks in its industry. Finally, the company was trading above its Net Current Asset Value (NCAV) of $-63.31.
IBM Common Stock receives an average overall rating in the ModernGraham grading system, scoring a C.
Stage 3: Information for Further Research
| Net Current Asset Value (NCAV) | -$63.31 |
| Graham Number | $75.75 |
| PEmg | 13.11 |
| Current Ratio | 1.29 |
| PB Ratio | 7.65 |
| Current Dividend | $6.21 |
| Dividend Yield | 4.34% |
| Number of Consecutive Years of Dividend Growth | 20 |
Useful Links:
| ModernGraham tagged articles | Morningstar |
| Google Finance | MSN Money |
| Yahoo Finance | Seeking Alpha |
| GuruFocus | SEC Filings |
Most Recent Balance Sheet Figures
| Balance Sheet Information | 12/1/2018 |
| Total Current Assets | $49,146,000,000 |
| Total Current Liabilities | $38,227,000,000 |
| Long-Term Debt | $35,605,000,000 |
| Total Assets | $123,382,000,000 |
| Intangible Assets | $39,353,000,000 |
| Total Liabilities | $106,453,000,000 |
| Shares Outstanding (Diluted Average) | 905,242,000 |
Earnings Per Share History
| EPS History | |
| Next Fiscal Year Estimate | $13.80 |
| Dec2018 | $9.52 |
| Dec2017 | $6.14 |
| Dec2016 | $12.38 |
| Dec2015 | $13.42 |
| Dec2014 | $11.90 |
| Dec2013 | $14.94 |
| Dec2012 | $14.37 |
| Dec2011 | $13.06 |
| Dec2010 | $11.52 |
| Dec2009 | $10.01 |
| Dec2008 | $8.89 |
| Dec2007 | $7.15 |
| Dec2006 | $6.11 |
| Dec2005 | $4.87 |
| Dec2004 | $4.38 |
| Dec2003 | $3.74 |
| Dec2002 | $2.06 |
| Dec2001 | $3.69 |
| Dec2000 | $4.44 |
| Dec1999 | $4.12 |
Earnings Per Share – ModernGraham History
| EPSmg History | |
| Next Fiscal Year Estimate | $10.91 |
| Dec2018 | $9.87 |
| Dec2017 | $10.61 |
| Dec2016 | $13.04 |
| Dec2015 | $13.42 |
| Dec2014 | $13.33 |
| Dec2013 | $13.63 |
| Dec2012 | $12.50 |
| Dec2011 | $11.09 |
| Dec2010 | $9.65 |
| Dec2009 | $8.28 |
| Dec2008 | $7.03 |
| Dec2007 | $5.82 |
| Dec2006 | $4.85 |
| Dec2005 | $4.06 |
| Dec2004 | $3.66 |
| Dec2003 | $3.40 |
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Disclaimer:
The author did not hold a position in any company mentioned in this article at the time of publication and had no intention of changing that position within the next 72 hours.  See my current holdings here.  This article is not investment advice; any reader should speak to a registered investment adviser prior to making any investment decisions.  ModernGraham is not affiliated with the company in any manner.  Please be sure to review our detailed disclaimer.
